Praise
be to Allaah.
Abu Dawood (3237), al-Tirmidhi
(738) and Ibn Naajah (1651) narrated from Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased
with him) that the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him)
said: “When Sha’baan is half over, do not fast.” Classed as saheeh by
al-Albaani in Saheeh al-Tirmidhi, 590.
This hadeeth indicates that it is
not allowed to fast after halfway through Sha’baan, i.e., starting from the
sixteenth day of the month.
But there are reports that
indicate that it is permissible to fast at this time. For example:
Al-Bukhaari (1914) and Muslim
(1082) narrated that Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) said: The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: “Do not
anticipate Ramadaan by fasting one or two days before it begins, but if a man
habitually fasts, then let him fast.”
This indicates that fasting after
halfway through Sha’baan is permissible for someone who has the habit of
fasting, such as a man who regularly fasts on Mondays and Thursdays, or who
fasts alternate days, and the like.
Al-Bukhaari (1970) and Muslim
(1156) narrated that ‘Aa’ishah (may Allaah be pleased with her) said: “The
Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to fast
all of Sha’baan, he used to fast Sha’baan except a few days.” This version was
narrated by Muslim.
Al-Nawawi
said: In the words, “He used to fast all of Sha’baan, he used to fast Sha’baan
except a few days” the second phrase explains the first, and indicates that the
word “all” means “most of”.
This hadeeth indicates that it is
permissible to fast after halfway through Sha’baan, but only for those who are
continuing after fasting before halfway through the month. The Shaafa’is
followed all of these ahaadeeth and said:
It is not permissible to fast
after halfway through Sha’baan except for those who have a habitual pattern of
fasting, or who are continuing after fasting before halfway through the
month.
According
to most of the scholars, the prohibition here means that it is haraam.
See al-Majmoo’, 6/399-400; Fath
al-Baari, 4/129
Some, such as al-Ruyaani,
suggested that the prohibition here is to be understood as meaning that it is
makrooh, not haraam.
Al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy
on him) said in Riyaadh al-Saaliheen (p. 412):
“Chapter
on the prohibition on anticipating Ramadaan by fasting after halfway through
Sha’baan, except for one who is continuing after fasting before halfway through
the month or who has a regular pattern of fasting such as fasting on Mondays
and Thursdays”.
The majority of scholars are of
the view that the hadeeth which forbids fasting after halfway through Sha’baan
is da’eef (weak), and based on that they said that it is not makrooh to fast
after halfway through Sha’baan.
Al-Haafiz said: The majority of
scholars said that it is permissible to observe voluntary fasts after halfway
through Sha’baan and they regarded the hadeeth concerning that as da’eef. Ahmad
and Ibn Ma’een said that it is munkar. (From Fath al-Baari). Among those who
classed it as da’eef were al-Bayhaqi and al-Tahhaawi.
Ibn Qudaamah said in al-Mughni
that Imam Ahmad said concerning this hadeeth:
It is not sound. We asked ‘Abd
al-Rahmaan ibn Mahdi about it and he did not class it as saheeh, and he did not
narrate it to me. He used to avoid talking about this hadeeth. Ahmad said:
al-‘Ala’ is thiqah and none of his ahaadeeth are regarded as munkar apart from
this one.
The al-‘Ala’ referred to here is
al-‘Ala’ ibn ‘Abd al-Rahmaan who narrated this hadeeth from his father from Abu
Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him).
Ibn al-Qayyim (may Allaah have
mercy on him) responded in Tahdheeb al-Sunan to those who classed this hadeeth
as da’eef and said that this hadeeth is saheeh according to the conditions of
Muslim. Even though al-‘Ala’ is the only one who narrated this hadeeth, that is
not regarded as detrimental to the hadeeth, because al-‘Ala’ is thiqah; in his
Saheeh, Muslim narrated a number of ahaadeeth from him, from his father from
Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him). Many Sunnahs are narrated from
the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) only through one person
who is thiqah, but they have been accepted and followed by the ummah.
Then he said:
With regard to those who think
that there is a contradiction between this hadeeth and the ahaadeeth which
speak of fasting in Sha’baan, there is no contradiction. Those ahaadeeth speak
of fasting half of it along with the previous half, and of habitual fasting
during the second half of the month, whereas the hadeeth of al-‘Ala’ speaks of
the prohibition on fasting deliberately only after the month is halfway over,
not about fasts that a person observes regularly or that are a continuation after
fasting during the first part of the month.
Shaykh Ibn Baaz (may Allaah have
mercy on him) was asked about the hadeeth which says that fasting after halfway
through Sha’baan is not allowed. He said:
This is a saheeh hadeeth as Shaykh
Naasir al-Deen al-Albaani said. What is meant is that it is not allowed to
start fasting after halfway through the month. But if a person fasts most or
all of the month, then he is following the Sunnah.
Majmoo’ Fataawa al-Shaykh Ibn
Baaz, 15/385).
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen said in his
commentary on Riyaadh al-Saaliheen (3/394):
Even
if the hadeeth is saheeh, the prohibition in it does not mean that this is
haraam, rather it is simply makrooh, as some of the scholars have understood it
to mean. But whoever has the habit of fasting regularly should fast, even if it
is after halfway through Sha’baan.
In conclusion:
It is not allowed to fast during
the second half of Sha’baan, and that is either makrooh or haraam, except for
the one who has the habit of fasting regularly or who is continuing after
fasting during the first half of Sha’baan. And Allaah knows best.
The reason for this prohibition is
that continually fasting may make a person too weak to fast in Ramadaan.
If it is said that if he fasts
from the beginning of the month he will become even weaker, the response is
that whoever fasts from the beginning of Sha’baan will have gotten used to
fasting so it will be less difficult for him to fast.
Al-Qaari said: The prohibition
here means that it is disliked, as a mercy to this ummah lest they become too
weak to fulfil their duty of fasting during Ramadaan in an energetic fashion.
But those who fast all of Sha’baan will become used to fasting so it will not
be difficult for them.
And Allaah knows best.
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